In the world of marijuana cultivation, choosing the right lighting can be a complex decision. Both new and experienced growers often debate which type of lighting—LED, HPS, or others—provides the best yields and the most benefits. Our recent conversation with TJ, the head grower at GrowTheHigh, sheds light on this crucial aspect of cannabis growing. Watch the full interview here.
Understanding the Main Light Types: LED, HPS, and Compact Fluorescents
According to TJ, there are three main types of lights that cannabis growers use: LEDs, HIDs (High-Intensity Discharge lights like HPS), and compact fluorescents. However, in professional grow operations, LEDs and HPS dominate the conversation due to their effectiveness in larger setups. Compact fluorescents are generally reserved for seedlings and smaller grows due to their limited light output.
LED vs. HPS: Key Differences
One of the significant advantages of LEDs is the ability to target specific light spectrums more easily. “You can program LEDs to emit specific lights, focusing on red and blue light, which are crucial for photosynthesis,” explains TJ. He further notes that LEDs provide flexibility for growers to adjust the light output according to the plant’s needs throughout its growth stages.
On the other hand, HPS (High-Pressure Sodium) lights offer simplicity. HPS lights produce a high-intensity light that consists mainly of yellow, orange, and red wavelengths. This composition makes them effective, especially in large-scale operations. However, HPS lacks the customization of light spectrum that LEDs provide, which can limit their efficiency in some growth stages.
How Lights Affect Yield and Terpene Production
Lighting is not the only factor affecting yield, but it plays a crucial role. LEDs, especially top-of-the-line models, have been shown to enhance terpene production almost twofold, according to TJ. Terpenes are not only responsible for the aroma and flavor of cannabis but also work alongside THC to modify the effects of the high, adding layers to the user’s experience.
“LEDs can increase both the quantity and quality of terpenes,” says TJ, “which can enhance the plant’s natural flavor profile.” HPS lights, while efficient, do not offer the same level of control over the light spectrum, potentially leading to lower terpene production.
Choosing Between LED and HPS: Cost-Effectiveness
One of the most common questions growers have is which lighting option is more cost-effective. TJ breaks down the cost analysis by highlighting that LEDs come with a high upfront cost, especially if you invest in top-tier equipment. However, LEDs are known for their energy efficiency and longevity, with some models lasting up to 40,000 hours. This energy savings can offset the initial investment within approximately five years.
HPS lights, in contrast, have a lower initial cost. “If you’re planning a short-term grow, HPS lights could be the way to go,” TJ recommends. They are reliable and don’t require a deep understanding of light spectrums, making them ideal for beginners. However, they use more electricity and generate more heat, which can increase operational costs over time.
Maximizing Yield with the Right Light Spectrum
When it comes to maximizing yield, focusing on the correct light spectrum is essential. Blue light is the most efficient for promoting photosynthesis, allowing the plant to grow at its optimal rate. Conversely, red light tends to be more beneficial during the flowering stage, contributing to larger yields and potentially more potent buds.
TJ mentions, “The recent studies suggest that blue light is better for the vegetative stage, while red light benefits the flowering stage.” This insight suggests that the strategic use of light spectrums can significantly affect both the quantity and quality of the harvest.
Experimenting with Lighting: Finding What Works Best for Your Grow
No one-size-fits-all solution exists when it comes to cannabis cultivation lighting. “Even though general rules apply,” TJ points out, “different stages of the plant’s life may benefit from different lights.” For example, some growers introduce ultraviolet (UV) light during the vegetative stage to increase terpene production, although this is still a debated topic within the community.
The key takeaway? Growers need to experiment and test what works best for their specific strain and setup. As TJ emphasizes, “That’s the entire name of the game—experimenting to find what gives you the desired results.”
When to Use LED and HPS: The Grower’s Perspective
For new growers, TJ recommends using HPS for its simplicity. “If you’re growing short-term or just starting out, HPS lights are reliable and require less technical knowledge about light spectrums,” he advises. However, if space is a concern—such as growing in a closet—LEDs are the safer option due to their lower heat output.
For those setting up larger grow operations, both LEDs and HPS can be effective. The choice often depends on the grower’s goals and budget. LEDs might require more units in large setups, but modern LEDs focus on light spread, ensuring that plants receive adequate lighting across their canopy.
Key Takeaways
- LEDs and HPS Lights: LEDs offer customizable light spectrums and energy efficiency, while HPS provides simplicity and high-intensity light.
- Yield and Terpene Production: LEDs can maximize terpene production and improve flavor and aroma. HPS lights produce reliable yields but lack spectrum control.
- Cost Considerations: LEDs have a higher upfront cost but save on energy and last longer. HPS is cheaper initially but has higher operating costs due to electricity usage.
- Experimentation is Key: The best lighting setup depends on the grower’s environment, space, and goals. Testing different light types at various plant stages can lead to optimized growth and yield.
To dive deeper into our discussion and get more insights, watch our full interview with TJ here.
Conclusion
Choosing the right lighting for your cannabis grow can significantly affect your yield, terpene production, and overall plant health. Whether you go with LED for its spectrum control or HPS for its straightforward use, understanding how each light type interacts with your plants is essential. As TJ suggests, experimenting and tailoring your lighting setup to your specific grow environment is the key to success.
Have lighting tips of your own? Drop a comment in the video and let’s get the conversation growing!